Vol. 6, Issue 1, Part A (2024)

Spinal metastases are a common complication of malignancy, frequently resulting in vertebral compression fractures and metastatic epidural spinal cord compression. These conditions often lead to severe pain, reduced mobility, and compromised quality of life. This case report discusses a 60-year-old female with a history of breast cancer who presented with chronic low back pain and limited ambulation. Imaging revealed multiple thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures, suspected to be secondary to metastatic disease. Conservative management, including oral medications and bracing, failed to alleviate symptoms.

Vertebral compression fractures in metastatic disease often arise from osteolytic activity caused by primary malignancies such as breast, prostate, or lung cancer. Comprehensive diagnostic workup, including bone scans and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, is essential to differentiate the etiology of fractures, as management strategies vary widely based on the underlying cause.

In this case, vertebral augmentation procedures, including vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, were considered due to the failure of conservative treatment. While these procedures may provide immediate pain relief and spinal stability, their long-term efficacy in the context of active metastatic disease remains uncertain. This case underscores the critical importance of early detection, accurate diagnosis, and multidisciplinary care in managing vertebral compression fractures in cancer patients. Tailored treatment plans that integrate interventional pain management, oncology, and rehabilitation are essential for optimizing patient outcomes and quality of life, particularly in the context of metastatic spinal disease.